tES + fNIRS

This combination pairs Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) with functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). tES (which includes tDCS, tACS, tRNS) delivers weak electrical currents to the scalp to modulate cortical excitability and brain activity. By concurrently monitoring brain hemodynamics with fNIRS, researchers can observe the immediate effects of tES on localized blood flow and oxygenation, which are proxies for neuronal activity. This allows for investigation into the mechanisms of action of tES and optimization of stimulation parameters for specific therapeutic or research outcomes.

• Direct Hemodynamic Monitoring: Measures localized blood flow changes in response to tES.
• Mechanism of Action Research: Helps understand how electrical stimulation affects brain activity.
• Optimization of Stimulation: Aids in refining tES parameters for desired effects.
• Non-invasive & Portable: Both modalities are non-invasive and fNIRS allows for studies in more natural settings.